Common tasks

Each channel has its own config section under channels.<provider>. See the dedicated channel page for setup steps:

• Discord - channels.discord
• Feishu - channels.feishu
• Google Chat - channels.googlechat
• iMessage - channels.imessage
• Mattermost - channels.mattermost
• Microsoft Teams - channels.msteams
• Signal - channels.signal
• Slack - channels.slack
• Telegram - channels.telegram
• WhatsApp - channels.whatsapp

All channels share the same DM policy pattern:

{  channels: {    telegram: {      enabled: true,      botToken: "123:abc",      dmPolicy: "pairing",   // pairing | allowlist | open | disabled      allowFrom: ["tg:123"], // only for allowlist/open    },  },}

Set the primary model and optional fallbacks:

{  agents: {    defaults: {      model: {        primary: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6",        fallbacks: ["openai/gpt-5.4"],      },      models: {        "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6": { alias: "Sonnet" },        "openai/gpt-5.4": { alias: "GPT" },      },    },  },}

• agents.defaults.models stores aliases and per-model settings; adding an entry never restricts /model or --model overrides.
• agents.defaults.modelPolicy.allow is the explicit allowlist for overrides and model pickers. It accepts exact refs and provider/* wildcards; omit it or use [] to allow any model.
• Model refs use provider/model format (e.g. anthropic/claude-opus-4-6).
• agents.defaults.imageMaxDimensionPx controls transcript/tool image downscaling (default 1200); lower values usually reduce vision-token usage on screenshot-heavy runs.
• See Models CLI for switching models in chat and Model Failover for auth rotation and fallback behavior.
• For custom/self-hosted providers, see Custom providers in the reference.

DM access is controlled per channel via dmPolicy (default "pairing"):

• "pairing": unknown senders get a one-time pairing code to approve
• "allowlist": only senders in allowFrom (or the paired allow store)
• "open": allow all inbound DMs (requires allowFrom: ["*"])
• "disabled": ignore all DMs

For groups, use groupPolicy ("allowlist" | "open" | "disabled") plus groupAllowFrom or channel-specific allowlists.

See the full reference for per-channel details.

Group messages default to require mention. Configure trigger patterns per agent. Normal group/channel replies post automatically; opt into the message-tool path for shared rooms where the agent should decide when to speak:

{  messages: {    visibleReplies: "automatic", // set "message_tool" to require message-tool sends everywhere    groupChat: {      visibleReplies: "message_tool", // opt-in; visible output requires message(action=send)      unmentionedInbound: "room_event", // unmentioned always-on group chatter is quiet context    },  },  agents: {    entries: {      main: {        default: true,        groupChat: {          mentionPatterns: ["@openclaw", "openclaw"],        },      },    },  },  channels: {    whatsapp: {      groups: { "*": { requireMention: true } },    },  },}

• Metadata mentions: native @-mentions (WhatsApp tap-to-mention, Telegram @bot, etc.)
• Text patterns: safe regex patterns in mentionPatterns
• Visible replies: messages.visibleReplies can require message-tool sends globally; messages.groupChat.visibleReplies overrides that for groups/channels.
• See full reference for visible reply modes, per-channel overrides, and self-chat mode.

Use agents.defaults.skills for a shared baseline, then override specific agents with agents.entries.*.skills:

{  agents: {    defaults: {      skills: ["github", "weather"],    },    entries: {      writer: { default: true }, // inherits github, weather      docs: { skills: ["docs-search"] }, // replaces defaults      "locked-down": { skills: [] }, // no skills    },  },}

• Omit agents.defaults.skills for unrestricted skills by default.
• Omit agents.entries.*.skills to inherit the defaults.
• Set agents.entries.*.skills: [] for no skills.
• See Skills, Skills config, and the Configuration Reference.

Disable or enable automatic health restarts for a channel or account:

{  channels: {    telegram: {      healthMonitor: { enabled: false },      accounts: {        alerts: {          healthMonitor: { enabled: true },        },      },    },  },}

• Use channels.<provider>.healthMonitor.enabled or channels.<provider>.accounts.<id>.healthMonitor.enabled to control auto-restarts for one channel or account.
• See Health Checks for operational debugging and the full reference for all fields.

Sessions control conversation continuity and isolation:

{  session: {    dmScope: "per-channel-peer",  // recommended for multi-user    threadBindings: {      enabled: true,      idleHours: 24,      maxAgeHours: 0,    },    reset: {      mode: "daily",      atHour: 4,      idleMinutes: 120,    },  },}

• dmScope: main (shared) | per-peer | per-channel-peer | per-account-channel-peer
• threadBindings: global defaults for thread-bound session routing. Spawn with sessions_spawn({ thread: true }) or /acp spawn --thread auto. Use /session unbind, /agents, /session idle, and /session max-age to detach, list, and tune bindings (Discord binds threads, Telegram binds topics/conversations).
• See Session Management for scoping, identity links, and send policy.
• See full reference for all fields.

Run agent sessions in isolated sandbox runtimes:

{  agents: {    defaults: {      sandbox: {        mode: "non-main",  // off | non-main | all        scope: "agent",    // session | agent | shared      },    },  },}

Build the image first - from a source checkout run scripts/sandbox-setup.sh, or from an npm install see the inline docker build command in Sandboxing § Images and setup.

See Sandboxing for the full guide and full reference for all options.

Relay-backed push for public App Store builds uses the hosted OpenClaw relay: https://ios-push-relay.openclaw.ai.

Custom relay deployments require a deliberately separate iOS build/deployment path whose relay URL matches the gateway relay URL. If you are using a custom relay build, set this in gateway config:

{  gateway: {    push: {      apns: {        relay: {          baseUrl: "https://relay.example.com",          // Optional. Default: 10000          timeoutMs: 10000,        },      },    },  },}

CLI equivalent:

openclaw config set gateway.push.apns.relay.baseUrl https://relay.example.com

What this does:

• Lets the gateway send push.test, wake nudges, and reconnect wakes through the external relay.
• Uses a registration-scoped send grant forwarded by the paired iOS app. The gateway does not need a deployment-wide relay token.
• Binds each relay-backed registration to the gateway identity that the iOS app paired with, so another gateway cannot reuse the stored registration.
• Keeps local/manual iOS builds on direct APNs. Relay-backed sends apply only to official distributed builds that registered through the relay.
• Must match the relay base URL baked into the iOS build, so registration and send traffic reach the same relay deployment.

End-to-end flow:

1. Install the official iOS app.
2. Optional: configure gateway.push.apns.relay.baseUrl on the gateway only when using a deliberately separate custom relay build.
3. Pair the iOS app to the gateway and let both node and operator sessions connect.
4. The iOS app fetches the gateway identity, registers with the relay using App Attest plus the app receipt, and then publishes the relay-backed push.apns.register payload to the paired gateway.
5. The gateway stores the relay handle and send grant, then uses them for push.test, wake nudges, and reconnect wakes.

Operational notes:

• If you switch the iOS app to a different gateway, reconnect the app so it can publish a new relay registration bound to that gateway.
• If you ship a new iOS build that points at a different relay deployment, the app refreshes its cached relay registration instead of reusing the old relay origin.

Compatibility note:

• OPENCLAW_APNS_RELAY_BASE_URL and OPENCLAW_APNS_RELAY_TIMEOUT_MS still work as temporary env overrides.
• Custom gateway relay URLs must match the relay base URL baked into the iOS build; the public App Store release lane rejects custom iOS relay URL overrides.
• OPENCLAW_APNS_RELAY_ALLOW_HTTP=true remains a loopback-only development escape hatch; do not persist HTTP relay URLs in config.

See iOS App for the end-to-end flow and Authentication and trust flow for the relay security model.

{  agents: {    defaults: {      heartbeat: {        every: "30m",        target: "owner",      },    },  },}

• every: duration string (30m, 2h). Set 0m to disable recurring cadence; targeted event-driven wakes can still run one agent turn. Default: 30m.
• target: owner (default operator DM) | last (latest conversation, including groups) | none (internal only) | <channel-id>
• directPolicy: allow (default) or block for DM-style heartbeat targets
• See Heartbeat for the full guide.

{  cron: {    enabled: true,    sessionRetention: "24h",  },}

• sessionRetention: prune completed isolated run sessions from SQLite session rows (default 24h; set false or a zero duration such as "0h" to disable).
• Terminal run history is retained for 7 days (lost rows for 24 hours), with the newest 2000 rows per job and history class enforced as an additional ceiling.
• See Cron jobs for feature overview and CLI examples.

Enable HTTP webhook endpoints on the Gateway:

{  hooks: {    enabled: true,    token: "shared-secret",    path: "/hooks",    defaultSessionKey: "hook:ingress",    allowRequestSessionKey: false,    allowedSessionKeyPrefixes: ["hook:"],    mappings: [      {        match: { path: "gmail" },        action: "agent",        agentId: "main",        sessionKey: "hook:gmail",        sessionMode: "persistent",        deliver: true,      },    ],  },}

Security note:

• Treat all hook/webhook payload content as untrusted input.
• Use a dedicated hooks.token; do not reuse active Gateway auth secrets (gateway.auth.token / OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN or gateway.auth.password / OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_PASSWORD).
• Hook auth is header-only (Authorization: Bearer ... or x-openclaw-token); query-string tokens are rejected.
• hooks.path cannot be /; keep webhook ingress on a dedicated subpath such as /hooks.
• Keep unsafe-content bypass flags disabled (hooks.gmail.allowUnsafeExternalContent, hooks.mappings[].allowUnsafeExternalContent) unless doing tightly scoped debugging.
• If you enable hooks.allowRequestSessionKey, also set hooks.allowedSessionKeyPrefixes to bound caller-selected session keys.
• Keep hook sessions isolated unless durable context is intentional. Direct persistent hooks require an explicit, prefix-bounded request sessionKey; mapped persistent hooks require a stable mapping key or hooks.defaultSessionKey.
• For hook-driven agents, prefer strong modern model tiers and strict tool policy (for example messaging-only plus sandboxing where possible).

See full reference for all mapping options and Gmail integration.

Run multiple isolated agents with separate workspaces and sessions:

{  agents: {    entries: {      home: { default: true, workspace: "~/.openclaw/workspace-home" },      work: { workspace: "~/.openclaw/workspace-work" },    },  },  bindings: [    { agentId: "home", match: { channel: "whatsapp", accountId: "personal" } },    { agentId: "work", match: { channel: "whatsapp", accountId: "biz" } },  ],}

See Multi-Agent and full reference for binding rules and per-agent access profiles.

Use $include to organize large configs:

// ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json{  gateway: { port: 18789 },  agents: { $include: "./agents.json5" },  broadcast: {    $include: ["./clients/a.json5", "./clients/b.json5"],  },}

• Single file: replaces the containing object
• Array of files: deep-merged in order (later wins), up to 10 nested levels deep
• Sibling keys: merged after includes (override included values)
• Relative paths: resolved relative to the including file
• Path format: include paths must not contain null bytes and must be strictly shorter than 4096 characters before and after resolution
• OpenClaw-owned writes: when every changed key is owned by one single-file include at an object-key path, OpenClaw updates the deepest owning include and leaves openclaw.json intact. This works for both top-level sections such as plugins: { $include: "./plugins.json5" } and nested object-map entries. Write-through only targets include files inside the top-level config directory; includes admitted through OPENCLAW_INCLUDE_ROOTS stay read-only for OpenClaw-owned writes.
• Unsupported write-through: root includes (every section of a config whose root object authors $include), actual array-entry includes, include arrays, sibling overrides, files shared by multiple logical paths, changes spanning ownership boundaries, any nested include beneath a merged owner, and any include whose own file still authors a nested $include directive fail closed instead of flattening the config. Numeric object keys are treated as map keys, not array positions. Include targets and contents are rechecked around persistence; a concurrent edit to an intermediate include refuses the write or rolls back its unchanged leaf.
• Doctor repairs: openclaw doctor --fix writes through the same boundary. A run whose candidate mixes a root-owned repair with an include-owned repair is refused as a whole. That refused write leaves every file unchanged (earlier writes in the same run stay saved), and Doctor names the boundary to repair by hand before rerunning, plus the included file or files when the root file authors that boundary's $include (an agent-roster boundary is named without its file).
• Confinement: $include paths must resolve under the directory holding openclaw.json. To share a tree across machines or users, set OPENCLAW_INCLUDE_ROOTS to a path-list (: on POSIX, ; on Windows) of additional directories that includes may reference. Symlinks are resolved and re-checked, so a path that lexically lives in a config dir but whose real target escapes every allowed root is still rejected.
• Error handling: clear errors for missing files, parse errors, circular includes, invalid path format, and excessive length